portaportal

Revised December 2018

What Is a Google Broad Core Algorithm Update?

So, What Exactly Is a Core Update?
Imagine 200 factors, imagine Google changing the order of 42 of the 200 factors, increase the value of HTTPS 18%, decrease ...

https://www.searchenginejournal.com/what-is-a-google-broad-core-algorithm-update/264261/

What's new with Google?

Google New
What's really new [products] with Google!

http://www.google.com/newproducts/
Bing and Google Animated Images
Animated images from Google and Bing

https://www.seroundtable.com/bing-images-animated-gifs-19384.html
Beyond PageRank: Graduating to actionable metrics
"the PR you see publicly is different from the number our algorithm actually uses for ranking."

http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.ch/2011/06/beyond-pagerank-graduating-to.html
Google Alters Search to Handle More Complex Queries
Humingbird - algorithm change

http://goo.gl/iuEtH8
Google State-Limited CSE Search Engine

https://cse.google.com/cse/home?cx=017167864583314760984:iecnygefhky
A Replacement For PageRank?
What MAY be considered when ranking webpages.

http://www.seobythesea.com/2014/12/replacement-pagerank/?utm_source=sendgrid&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=top10
Google Trends
Not new but with improved capabilities to show trends since 2004

http://www.google.com/trends/
Google: We Still Have Over 200 Search Ranking Signals
May 11, 2015

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-200-signals-20280.html
Googleopoly: The Definitive Guide To Antitrust Investigations Against Google
"comprehensive guide to Google and antitrust actions over the years"

http://goo.gl/ljCaO
Google’s growing problem: 50% of people do zero searches per day on mobile
"more than 100bn searches made per month to Google (total of desktop/ tablet/ mobile)"

https://theoverspill.wordpress.com/2015/10/19/searches-average-mobile-google-problem/
How to Remove Your Google Search History

https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/02/how-remove-your-google-search-history-googles-new-privacy-policy-takes-effect#update
Knowledge Graph
Middle image is a movie.

http://www.google.com/insidesearch/features/search/knowledge.html
Search Engine Timeline
Timeline of the history of search engines

http://www.searchenginejournal.com/search-engine-history/13152/
The Advisory Council to Google on the Right to be Forgotten
"This report summarizes our advice to the company [Google], by the Advisory Council to Google.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1UgZshetMd4cEI3SjlvV0hNbDA/view
The Google app now understands you a little better—complex questions welcome
"The Google app is starting to truly understand the meaning of what you’re asking."

http://insidesearch.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-google-app-now-understands-you.html
Top 20 Websites Since 1996
Google appears in rankings in 2001.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2014/12/15/from-lycos-to-ask-jeeves-to-facebook-tracking-the-20-most-popular-web-sites-every-year-since-1996/
What counts as a high-quality site?
Useful for webpage evaluation

http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.ca/2011/05/more-guidance-on-building-high-quality.html
List of Google domains
Country codes for Google search

https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/List_of_Google_domains.html
VERBATIM
Google will use "the literal words entered without making normal improvements."

http://searchengineland.com/responding-to-complaints-google-adds-verbatim-search-results-101226
Google released a guide to teens — who suspiciously love Google
TO MILLENNIALS: Google = serious + functional

https://storage.googleapis.com/think/docs/its-lit.pdf
The Year in Search: 2016
"... here’s a peek at some of the trending U.S. topics that caught our attention as especially unique to this year."

https://blog.google/products/search/year-search-2016/
Google begins to roll out mobile-first indexing
"If you only have desktop content, you will be represented in our index.”

https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/26/google-begins-to-roll-out-its-mobile-first-index/
Google: 15% Of All Queries Are Still Never Seen Before
No change since 2013

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-15-percent-queries-25730.html

Funny Google Hacks

Google Zerg Rush

https://goo.gl/KMNdyC
Goglogo
Type a name and select "Create My Search Page Now"

http://www.goglogo.com/
Google Barrel Roll

https://goo.gl/E55u8e
Google in 1998

https://goo.gl/qwrBCL

Inside the Mind of Google - The Documentary

Inside The Mind of Google - Full Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKT93faSVLI
Inside The Mind of Google - Full Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Thw7L-UVQzo
Inside The Mind of Google - Full Documentary

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-keywords-in-urls-a-small-ranking-factor-21577.html

Just Plain Interesting

80% Of Those Solicited Wanted Negative SEO Services
"he practice of harming your competitors in the search results"

https://www.seroundtable.com/negative-seo-solicits-19806.html
The Advisory Council to Google on the Right to be Forgotten
Response to Court of Justice of the European Union’s ruling in Google Spain vs AEPD

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1UgZshetMd4cEI3SjlvV0hNbDA/view
Google CAPTCHA
CAPTCHA with explanation

http://ipv4.google.com/sorry/IndexRedirect?continue=http://sorry.google.com/#
How Uploading Photos Provides too Much Information

https://www.youtube.com/embed/xvZF-yP_ceU?feature=player_detailpage
Caution: Copy-Pasting URLs from Google Search can Leak Previous Searches
Security/privacy concern

https://medium.com/@jeremyrubin/caution-copy-pasting-urls-from-google-search-can-leak-previous-searches-11940508e79#.dlfrdyevk
Kids have a hard time distinguishing ads in Google
"digital natives still need help to develop the knowhow to navigate the online world.”

http://www.digitaltrends.com/web/kids-confused-by-google-ads-and-search/
Google Web Search Is Starting To Suck
Google is "showing you what they want you to see."

http://neosmart.net/blog/2016/on-the-growing-intentional-uselessness-of-google-search-results/
Google’s World: The Impact of “Agnostic Cartographers” on the State-Dominated International Legal System
Google "maps do not show a single and objective reality, but rather affirm existing perspectives of the world."

http://jtl.columbia.edu/googles-world-the-impact-of-agnostic-cartographers-on-the-state-dominated-international-legal-system/
0 big changes with search engines over my 20 years of covering them
Source - Danny Sullivan

http://searchengineland.com/10-big-changes-search-20-years-covering-246421
Omnes cives Googlani sumus (We are all Google citizens now.)
"Google has colonized more countries than the Ancient Romans."

http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2016/11/countries_do_not_control_the_internet_companies_do.html
Forget AT&T. The Real Monopolies Are Google and Facebook.

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/13/opinion/forget-att-the-real-monopolies-are-google-and-facebook.html?_r=0
We need European regulation of Facebook and Google
"t's time for the EU to step in and regulate the world's two biggest media outlets."

https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/leighton-andrews/we-need-european-regulation-of-facebook-and-google
A deep look at Google’s biggest-ever search quality crisis
" ... absurd or even dangerous results surface to the top"

http://searchengineland.com/google-search-quality-crisis-272174

Concerns about Auto Complete

Google, democracy and the truth about internet search
“There’s significant research into the impact of search results on political views. The way you see the results & the types of

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/04/google-democracy-truth-internet-search-facebook
Google 'must review its search rankings because of rightwing manipulation'
"Hate sites are dominating and controlling searches on Muslims, Jews, Hitler & women & Google is failing to tackle the problem.

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/05/google-must-review-its-search-rankings-because-of-rightwing-manipulation
Google changes its anti-Semitic autocomplete suggestions

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/google-autocompletes-anti-semitism-sexism-racism/
Google removes autocomplete suggestions about Jews, women
"The search giant will no longer suggest you search whether these groups are "evil."

https://www.cnet.com/news/google-removes-autocomplete-suggestions-about-jews-women/
Google alters search autocomplete to remove 'are Jews evil' suggestion
Search company removes antisemitic and sexist autocomplete phrases after Observer article highlights offensive results

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/05/google-alters-search-autocomplete-remove-are-jews-evil-suggestion
Google is not ‘just’ a platform. It frames, shapes and distorts how we see the world

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/dec/11/google-frames-shapes-and-distorts-how-we-see-world
Google and its responsibility for search results
"They can’t just point to the algorithm and say ‘well, this wasn’t our intent."

https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/google-and-its-responsibility-for-search-results/
A deep look at Google’s biggest-ever search quality crisis
" ... absurd or even dangerous results surface to the top."

http://searchengineland.com/google-search-quality-crisis-272174
How Google autocomplete works in Search
"Predictions, not suggestions"

https://www.blog.google/products/search/how-google-autocomplete-works-search/
THE LONG, TORTURED QUEST TO MAKE GOOGLE UNBIASED
Google's "business practices may have been affected by political bias.”

https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/6/18125879/search-neutrality-google-bias-seo-rigged-sundar-pichai-congress-eu

Concern about Snippets

GOOGLE’S FEATURED SNIPPETS ARE WORSE THAN FAKE NEWS
"The highlighted answers given prime placement over search results are often shockingly bad."

https://theoutline.com/post/1192/google-s-featured-snippets-are-worse-than-fake-news
Google will always answer your questions, but you shouldn’t always let it
"Featured snippets can be highly convenient. They also can be highly misleading."

https://qz.com/927750/google-will-always-answer-your-questions-but-you-shouldnt-always-let-it/
A deep look at Google’s biggest-ever search quality crisis
" ... absurd or even dangerous results surface to the top."

http://searchengineland.com/google-search-quality-crisis-272174
Google expands snippets to answer more questions right in the search results
"Google’s multifaceted featured snippets, as the new feature is called, will answer [multiple] questions with one snippet ahead

https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/02/google-expands-snippets-to-answer-more-questions-right-in-the-search-results/
Google expands featured snippets to give multiple results
"Google is starting with “multi-intent” queries; plans for “guidance-seeking” queries “Is it worth fixing my foundation?.

https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/2/17072294/google-featured-snippets-multiple-results
THE LONG, TORTURED QUEST TO MAKE GOOGLE UNBIASED
Google's "business practices may have been affected by political bias.”

https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/6/18125879/search-neutrality-google-bias-seo-rigged-sundar-pichai-congress-eu

Searches per Day/Month/Year

Google Still Doing At Least 1 Trillion Searches Per Year

http://searchengineland.com/google-1-trillion-searches-per-year-212940
Google: 100 Billion Searches Per Month

http://searchengineland.com/google-search-press-129925
Google Still World’s Most Popular Search Engine
Google: 114.7 billion searches, 65.2% share

http://searchengineland.com/google-worlds-most-popular-search-engine-148089
80+ Amazing Google Stats
May 2015

http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/by-the-numbers-a-gigantic-list-of-google-stats-and-facts/
Top 15 Most Popular Search Engines - August 2015
"1,100,000,000 - Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors"

http://www.ebizmba.com/articles/search-engines
Google’s growing problem: 50% of people do zero searches per day on mobile
"more than 100bn searches made per month to Google (total of desktop/ tablet/ mobile)"

https://theoverspill.wordpress.com/2015/10/19/searches-average-mobile-google-problem/
By the Numbers: 100 Amazing Google Statistics and Facts
As of: Feb 25, 2016

http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/by-the-numbers-a-gigantic-list-of-google-stats-and-facts/
Google now handles at least 2 trillion searches per year
Google last claimed 1.2 trillion in 2012.

http://searchengineland.com/google-now-handles-2-999-trillion-searches-per-year-250247
Google now handles at least 2 trillion searches per year
Scroll down to: Searches per second, minute, day & month

http://searchengineland.com/google-now-handles-2-999-trillion-searches-per-year-250247
The State of Searcher Behavior Revealed Through 23 Remarkable Statistics
"between 40–60 billion searches happen on Google.com in the US each month."

https://moz.com/blog/state-of-searcher-behavior-revealed
Google now handles at least 2 trillion searches per year
Scroll down to see the breakdown ny second, minute, hour, ...

http://searchengineland.com/google-now-handles-2-999-trillion-searches-per-year-250247

Search Quality Evaluator Guidelines

Search Quality Evaluator Guidelines

https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/www.google.com/en//insidesearch/howsearchworks/assets/searchqualityevaluatorguidelines.pdf

How Google Works

How Search Works
Check first!

https://www.google.com/search/howsearchworks/
Google's Top Ranking Engineer, Paul Haahr, Talk On How Google Works
MUST SEE!

https://www.seroundtable.com/paul-haahr-on-how-google-works-21859.html
How Google Works
Transcription of Google engineer Paul Haahr’s “How Google Works”

https://builtvisible.com/how-google-works/
Keyword Basics Part 1: How search engines work
Focus on keywords

https://www.wordtracker.com/academy/keyword-research/getting-started/keyword-basics-part-1-how-search-engines-work
Google: We Do Understand Our Highly Complex Algorithms
Discusses RankBrain

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-understand-complex-algorithms-23848.html
DEFINITION of 'Algorithm'
Focus: Financial "algo"

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/algorithm.asp?lgl=no-infinite
What is an Algorithm?
Video covers Google PageRank

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AVScy7YsKM0
Google's Gary Illyes: Yes, PageRank Still Matters
It is probably still one of the most important aspects of Google's rankings with content and relevancy.

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-yes-pagerank-still-matters-22469.html
Google's 9 major ranking signals:
Links! Links!

https://www.searchenginejournal.com/communication-overload-keeping-google-searchs-constant-updates/185168/
The State of Links: Yesterday's Ranking Factor?
"March 2016: Google Senior Search Quality Strategist Andrey Lipattsev confirms that content and links are the first & second gre

https://moz.com/blog/state-of-links?
Google Search Automatically Learns New Synonyms Over Time
There isn’t a generated database of synonyms that Google obtains and uses it for the search results.

http://www.thesempost.com/google-search-learns-new-synonyms-time/
How PageRank Really Works: Understanding Google
Explanation of the PageRank formula

https://blog.majestic.com/company/understanding-googles-algorithm-how-pagerank-works/

Must Read - How Google Works 2018

We sat in on an internal Google meeting where they talked about changing the search algorithm
Source - CNBC "The search engine has no idea what those words mean."

https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/17/google-tests-changes-to-its-search-algorithm-how-search-works.html
Is Google's PageRank Algorithm Still Important For Google Search Rankings?
"A lot has changed but fundamentally nothing has changed."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-pagerank-26591.html
Backlinks: The Most Important Google Ranking Factor (in 2019)
"Backlinks continue to remain Google’s most powerful ranking signal."

https://theupperranks.com/blog/backlinks/
Ask For Links, Because You Can’t Rank Without Them (2018)
"Links are the difference between popularity and invisibility."

https://theupperranks.com/blog/ask-for-links-because-you-cant-rank-without-them/
Can You Rank in Google Without Links? New Data Says Slim Chance
See the diagram.

https://moz.com/blog/backlinks-google-study
User Experience as a ranking factor
" ... there is no direct and clear connection between user experience and [Google] ranking."

https://www.sistrix.com/blog/is-user-experience-a-ranking-factor/

Searching Google from Google Sources

Power Searching With Google.com Course
Videos

http://goo.gl/lZxtmS
AROUND has always been around
"The AROUND(n) operator MUST BE IN CAPS"

http://searchresearch1.blogspot.com/2010/10/around-has-always-been-around.html
Basic Search help
"more advanced features of Google Web Search" See

http://www.google.com/support/websearch/bin/answer.py?answer=136861
Google Inside Search
Review "How to"

http://www.google.com/support/websearch/
Google Under the Hood
Review "Life of a Query"

http://www.google.com/insidesearch/underthehood.html
Google's AROUND Operator for Proximity Search
"finding web pages that include words or phrases which are near to each other"

http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2010/12/googles-around-operator.html
Improve Your Search Experience
Additional search features: Reference Tools, Query Refinements and more

http://www.google.com/help/features.html
Reference: Advanced Operators for Web Search
"documented advanced search operators"

https://sites.google.com/site/gwebsearcheducation/advanced-operators
The Google Guide
Online tutorial

http://www.googleguide.com/pdf/googleguide.pdf
Search Quality Rating Guidelines
" ... how Google thinks about relevance and quality"

http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/www.google.com/en//insidesearch/howsearchworks/assets/searchqualityevaluatorguidelines.pdf
How Search Works (@ Google)
Algorithms, Crawling and Indexing and more

http://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/
The Revolution in Asking & Answering Questions
Dan Russell from Google

http://goo.gl/Pa3eRH
What counts as a high-quality site?
Alternate - http://goo.gl/Hq4Tbh

http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.ca/2011/05/more-guidance-on-building-high-quality.html
The Google app now understands you a little better—complex questions welcome
"The Google app is starting to truly understand the meaning of what you’re asking."

http://insidesearch.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-google-app-now-understands-you.html
Google: The Link Operator No Longer Works
link: still works!

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-link-operator-dead-23248.html

Search Operators

Site: Operator
Use of the asterisk

http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2013/03/advanced-uses-for-googles-site-operator.html
Show the Number of Results When Using Google SEARCH TOOLS
Clicking the "Search tools" button AGAIN will display number of results

http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2013/03/show-number-of-results-when-using.html
Search Operators
Operators for Web and Image search

http://www.googleguide.com/advanced_operators.html
Google Captcha

http://ipv4.google.com/sorry/IndexRedirect?continue=http://sorry.google.com/
Google Web Search Features

http://www.google.com/intl/en/help/features_list.html
6 common misconceptions when doing advanced Google Searching
Keeping up with changes in Google advanced searching

http://musingsaboutlibrarianship.blogspot.sg/2015/10/6-common-misconceptions-when-doing.html

Searching Social Media Sites

Searching Social Media | Part 1: Googling Facebook
"methods incorporating Google advanced search terms to conduct searches on Facebook"

http://ibraryguy2.wordpress.com/2014/05/08/searching-social-media-pt1/
Searching Social Media | Part 2: Twitter
examine methods of conducting higher relevance Twitter searches."

http://ibraryguy2.wordpress.com/2014/05/22/searching-social-media-part-2-twitter/
4 Great Tools for Social Media Search

http://www.razorsocial.com/4-great-tools-for-searching-social-media/

Dan Russell

Daniel Russell's Home Page

https://sites.google.com/site/dmrussell/
Dan Russell Google +

https://plus.google.com/+DanRussell/posts
The Revolution in Asking & Answering Questions

https://goo.gl/U8JCKn
Using Google for Search and Research

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fu4V_T-Ued8

Google Search Education Evangelism

Google Guide
Google search syntaxes

http://www.googleguide.com/advanced_operators_reference.html

Google Blogs

Google Blog for Students

http://googleforstudents.blogspot.com/

Adwords

Introduction to Google Adwords Auction
Google Chief Economist, Hal Varian, explains how AdWords works.

http://adwords.blogspot.com/2009/03/introduction-to-ad-auction.html
Introduction to the Google Ad Auction
Google’s Chief Economist, Hal Varian

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7l0a2PVhPQ
Varian Shares AdWords Secrets – Will He Bring Transparency To Google?
"conversion rate doesn’t vary much based on ad position."

http://searchengineland.com/varian-shares-adwords-secrets-%e2%80%93-will-he-bring-transparency-to-google-24968
What is 'Quality Score' and how is it calculated?

http://adwords.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=10215

Architecture: Google Cluster

Map of all Google Data Center Locations
US (19) , Europe (12), Russia (1), South America (1), & Asia (3)

http://royal.pingdom.com/2008/04/11/map-of-all-google-data-center-locations/
Google Data Center FAQ
"How many data centers does Google have? Nobody knows for sure."

http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2008/03/27/google-data-center-faq/
Google Data Centers vs Microsoft Infrastructure
Google = 450,000 Servers

http://dondodge.typepad.com/the_next_big_thing/2006/06/google_data_cen.html
Google`s IP Address
" ... 500 IP addresses used by the Google search engine"

http://64.233.161.99/
Google`s One Million Servers: The New Heavy Industry
Estimate of the number of Google servers

http://seekingalpha.com/article/64892-google-s-one-million-servers-the-new-heavy-industry?source=feed
Hiding in Plain Sight, Google Seeks More Power
Googleplex in The Dalles, Oregon

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/14/technology/14search.html?ex=1307937600&en=d96a72b3c5f91c47&ei=5090
How Google Works
Discusses number of servers and how the corporation works.

http://www.baselinemag.com/print_article2/0,1217,a=182560,00.asp
Keyword: Evil - Google`s Addiction to Cheap Electricity
Harper`s article about The Dalles

http://harpers.org/media/slideshow/annot/2008-03/index.html
Oklahoma, Where The Google Comes Sweepin` Down The Plain
State-by-state list of where Google operates

http://searchengineland.com/070426-104031.php
The Google Cluster Architecture
2003 Article by Google Employees

http://216.239.37.132/papers/googlecluster-ieee.pdf
Google uncloaks once-secret server
Rather than buy servers, Google has built them from the beginning.

http://news.cnet.com/8301-1001_3-10209580-92.html
Google Patent Reveals Data Center Innovations
"advanced data center cooling system"

http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2009/11/30/google-patent-reveals-data-center-innovations/
Revealed: Google’s new mega data center in Finland
Google’s first dedicated data center in the Nordic countries

http://royal.pingdom.com/2010/09/15/googles-mega-data-center-in-finland/
Data center locations
Source: Google

http://www.google.com/about/datacenters/inside/locations/

Authors and Organizations Watching/Writing about Google

Beyond Google: How do students conduct academic research?
"The buzz about the omnipotence of Google left us wondering, what do students think about conducting research?"

http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1998/1873
Google Censorship FAQ

http://blog.outer-court.com/archive/2007-03-02-n19.html
Google Watch

http://www.google-watch.org/
Hits and Misses: Does the Google generation lack the independence of thought and critical rigour needed for higher study?
UK's Time HIgher Education

http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=402225&c=1
Is Google Making Us Stupid?
Atlantic Monthly article: Is the Web changing how we read?

http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200807/google
Research Methods 'Beyond Google'
"Research isn’t a Google search"

http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2008/06/17/institute
Watching Google Like a Hawk

http://watchinggooglelikeahawk.com/
Search Engines: Google Still Growing
Phil Bradley in UK's Ariadne

http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue56/search-engines/
Through the Google Goggles: Sociopolitical Bias in Search Engine Design
Search engines do have biases.

http://web.archive.org/web/20060702200025/http://www.stanford.edu/~amd/download/thesis_final.pdf
Society of the Query
"critically reflect on the information society and the dominant role of the search engine in our culture."

http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/query/
Googlization of Everything

http://www.googlizationofeverything.com/
Googleopoly: The Definitive Guide To Antitrust Investigations Against Google
comprehensive guide to Google and antitrust actions over the years"

http://searchengineland.com/googleopoly-the-definitive-guide-to-antitrust-investigations-against-google-82906?utm_source=sel&utm_medium=scap&utm_campaign=email
How Google Dominates Us
NYT Review of Books

http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/aug/18/how-google-dominates-us/?pagination=false
Why Google?
Source: OCLC

http://www.oclc.org/research/events/2013/06-07b.html
Google, Mighty Now, but Not Forever
Google won’t be on top forever.

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/12/technology/personaltech/googles-time-at-the-top-may-be-nearing-its-end.html?_r=1
How Big is Google
Discusses acquisitions by Google

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-79uIRQiAFM
Google's Other Big Research Project: Curbing Its Own Prejudice
Source: The Atlantic

http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/04/googles-other-moonshot/390558/
Google Transparency Project

http://googletransparencyproject.org/
Google is not ‘just’ a platform. It frames, shapes and distorts how we see the world

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/dec/11/google-frames-shapes-and-distorts-how-we-see-world
THE WEB BEGAN DYING IN 2014, HERE'S HOW
GOOG and FB now have direct influence over 70%+ of internet traffic.

https://staltz.com/the-web-began-dying-in-2014-heres-how.html
NEWSMAKERS How did Google get so big? How did Google get so big?
60 Minutes xcript

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-did-google-get-so-big/

Google's Effects on Brain

Is Google Making Us Stupid?: Sources and Notes
Pointers to sources and related readings to Carr`s article, ``Is Google Making Us Stupid``

http://www.roughtype.com/archives/2008/08/is_google_makin.php
Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips
People have lower rates of recall of the information itself.

http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~wegner/pdfs/science.1207745.full.pdf
‘Google effect’ leads to changes in memory
"the human brain will forget facts that are easily found online"

http://www.eschoolnews.com/2011/07/21/google-effect-leads-to-changes-in-memory/print/
Using the Internet to access information inflates future use of the Internet to access other information
Google has "begun to profoundly alter the ways in which we think and remember."

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09658211.2016.1210171
Google at 20: how a search engine became a literal extension of our mind
Google is "altering the very structure of our cognitive architecture."

https://theconversation.com/google-at-20-how-a-search-engine-became-a-literal-extension-of-our-mind-102510
Scientists say Google is changing our brains

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/how-google-is-changing-our-brains
How the Internet changes the Brain
Infographic

http://webpagefxblog.webpagefx1.netdna-cdn.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/how-the-internet-changes-your-brain-final.jpg
Supernormal: How the Internet Is Changing Our Memories and Our Minds
Link to PDF

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1047840X.2013.850148?src=recsys
One with the Cloud: Why People Mistake the Internet’s Knowledge for Their Own
Adrian Ward's Dissertation

https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/11004901/Ward_gsas.harvard_0084L_11001.pdf?sequence=1

Blogs

Google Blog Search

http://blogsearch.google.com/
Google Blog Spot
Official Google Blog

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/
Google Blogoscoped

http://blog.outer-court.com/google/
Googling Google
Garett Rogers ZDNet

http://blogs.zdnet.com/Google/
Matt Cutts: Gadgets, Google, and SEO
Matt Cutts is a Google Engineer.

http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/

CAPTCHA

CAPTCHA: Telling Humans and Computers Apart Automatically
Completely Automated Public Turing Test To Tell Computers and Humans Apart

http://www.captcha.net/
Learn More about CAPTCHA
Unusual Traffic from Your Computer Network

https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/86640
Sorry Google.com
View an example of a CAPTCHA

http://ipv4.google.com/sorry/IndexRedirect?continue=http://sorry.google.com/
Google CAPTCHA Why did this happen?
Explanation for receiving a CAPTCHA

http://ipv4.google.com/sorry/IndexRedirect?continue=http://sorry.google.com/#
"Our systems have detected unusual traffic from your network" notification
Read: "Automated traffic includes ..."

https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/86640
I’m not a human: Breaking the Google reCAPTCHA
"We identify flaws that allow adversaries to ... deploy large-scale attacks."

https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Sivakorn-Im-Not-a-Human-Breaking-the-Google-reCAPTCHA-wp.pdf

Custom Search Engines

Guide To Custom Search Engines (CSEs)
A directory of Google Custom Search Engines (CSEs), created by site owners & Google

http://www.customsearchguide.com/

Directories/Sources About Google

Google Articles
Explains PageRank, the Dance and linking

http://www.webworkshop.net/google-articles.html
Google Guide Tutorial

http://www.googleguide.com
Top Ten Google Myths

http://www.sitepoint.com/article/top-10-google-myths-revealed
BUSINESS: Why Google Inspires Diverging Case Studies
``Is Google rewriting the rules of good management from top to bottom, in ways that every executive ought to study?``

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118712692927897649.html?mod=hps_us_editors_picks
Inside the Googleplex
Source: The Economist

http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9719610
Google Hacking Database

http://johnny.ihackstuff.com/ghdb.php
Information Safety And Accuracy: Is Google Trustable?

http://www.masternewmedia.org/news/2006/05/15/information_safety_and_accuracy_is.htm

Educator and Librarian Newsletter

How Google Ranks Results
Google "uses many factors besides PageRank."

http://si110.cms.si.umich.edu/sites/si110.cms.si.umich.edu/files/InfoFinding/Google%20Index%20&%20Rank%20How-to.pdf

Google and the Future of Search Engines

Is Google a Semantic Search Engine?

http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/is_google_a_semantic_search_engine.php
Jakob Nielsen On Search Usability
No changes expected in SEARCH in the next three years.

http://searchengineland.com/070713-115541.php
The Future of Search: The head of Google Research talks about his group`s projects.
Discusses words per query

http://www.technologyreview.com/Biztech/19050/?a=f

Google Explained: How Google Works

The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine
"In this paper, we present Google, a prototype of a large-scale search engine ....

http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf
All About Google (from Google)

http://www.google.com/about.html
How Google Earth Works

http://www.google.com/librariancenter/newsletter/0604.html
How Google Processes a Query

http://www.googleguide.com/google_works.html
How Google Works (Infographic)
Interactive infographic

http://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/
How Many Pages in Google? Take a Guess
Pages indexed by September 2005

http://tinyurl.com/3yowby
How Precise is the Number of Results Returned by Google
The number of results is an "estimate."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ix3mHeL7hg
How Search @ Google Works
Video

http://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/
How Search Works from Google
Matt Cutts on You Tube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoW60fuHn64
Matt Cutts: PageRank Not Popularity
"PageRank is not a measure of popularity."

http://www.seroundtable.com/google-pagerank-authority-topics-18353.html
Microsoft tries to one-up Google PageRank
``PageRank is just one of more than 200 signals we use to determine the ranking of a Web site.``

http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-9999038-93.html
Our Search: Google Technology
``We use more than 200 signals, including PageRank algorithm, to determine which pages are most important.``

http://www.google.com/technology/
Policies
"Algorithms Over Manual Action"

http://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/policies.html
Understanding Google from Spidering to Results
View the video narrated by Matt Counts

http://www.searchenginejournal.com/understanding-google-from-spidering-to-results/5348/
VIDEO - SIMS 141 - Search, Google, and Life: Sergey Brin - Google

http://tinyurl.com/gewa7
What is a paid link?
Matt Cutts

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zupIbMyMfBI
Why you cannot reverse engineer Google’s algorithm

http://www.seo-theory.com/2011/01/07/why-you-cannot-reverse-engineer-googles-algorithm/
Google Needs External Links For Quality Search Results
Gary Illyes" ... links translate in some sense to popularity and endorsement by others."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-external-links-22980.html
Google's Gary Illyes: Yes, PageRank Still Matters in 2017
It is probably still one of the most important aspects of Google's rankings with content and relevancy.

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-yes-pagerank-still-matters-22469.html
Google's 9 major ranking signals
Links!

https://www.searchenginejournal.com/communication-overload-keeping-google-searchs-constant-updates/185168/

Algorithm

How Google Works and How To Predict Search Algorithm Changes
Exceptional video

http://www.vpdm.ca/google-search-algorithm-predict-changes/
HOW SEARCH WORKS: From algorithms to answers
Source - Google Inside Search

https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/
The Complete Google Algorithm History
Updates from 2000 - 2015

http://www.seomoz.org/blog/announcing-the-complete-google-algo-history
Google Still Not Indexing Hidden Web URLs
Since 2006 Google does not seem to be indexing more of the Deep Web (OAIster database).

www.dlib.org/dlib/july08/hagedorn/07hagedorn.html
Google VP Mayer Describes the Perfect Search Engine
"We are making changes to our ranking algorithm at the rate of two per day."

http://tech.yahoo.com/news/pcworld/20091110/tc_pcworld/googlevpmayerdescribestheperfectsearchengine
Google's search challenge: Making computers think like humans
Google's search quality process: ``there are more than 100 signals the [Google] uses to determine the order of search results``

http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9972034-7.html
How Google's Rankings Algorithm Has Changed Over Time
Domain Trust/Authority are increasing in importance.

http://www.seomoz.org/blog/how-googles-rankings-algorithm-has-changed-over-time-
Look Who’s Ranking Now: How Google Can’t Seem to Stop the Spammers
"the biggest factor in Google’s ranking algorithm is still backlinks"

http://www.searchenginejournal.com/look-who%e2%80%99s-ranking-now-how-google-can%e2%80%99t-seem-to-stop-the-spammers/20458/
Media Giants Want to Top Google Results
Use also for Google does not return best results.

http://adage.com/mediaworks/article?article_id=135433
Microsoft tries to one-up Google PageRank
``PageRank is just one of more than 200 signals we use to determine the ranking of a Web site.``

http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-9999038-93.html
Robots Exclusion Protocol

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/02/robots-exclusion-protocol.html
robots.txt: Controlling How Search Engines Access and Index Your Site

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/01/controlling-how-search-engines-access.html
Search Illustrated: Google's Organic Crawl
Google has two crawlers: Fresh Bot and Deep Crawl Bot.

http://searchengineland.com/070724-072605.php
We knew the web was big ...
``1 trillion unique URLs`` & the number of webpages grows by ``several billion pages per day.``

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/07/we-knew-web-was-big.html
Transparency and the Algorithm
Scroll down to view the graphic and explanation

http://www.google.com/competition/transparency.html
How Google Crafts its Search Results
VIDEO on how does Google create its search algorithms

http://searchengineland.com/an-unprecedented-video-glimpse-into-how-google-crafts-its-search-results-114682?utm_source=sel&utm_medium=scap&utm_campaign=email
Exclusive: How Google’s Algorithm Rules the Web
Wired Magazine 2010 Article

http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/02/ff_google_algorithm/all/1
Search Engine Ranking Factors
"Links are still believed to be the most important part of the algorithm."

http://moz.com/blog/ranking-factors-2013
Google’s 200 Ranking Factors: The Complete List
The 200 metrics Google considers when ranking sites.

http://backlinko.com/google-ranking-factors
Google Algorithms Are Not The Same In All Countries
" different languages require different algorithms or support for those languages"

http://www.seroundtable.com/global-google-algorithms-18896.html
Google's Search Algorithm Is Not Dictated By Their Patents
Google "may have patents that are never used in the algorithm. Patents have no direct influence on the algorithms."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-patent-search-algorithm-17761.html
A visual history of Google Algorithm updates
Note the updates to deal with spammers

https://www.joomdev.com/blog/entry/visual-history-of-google-algorithm-updates
Google-bombing - Manipulating the PageRank Algorithm

http://userpages.umbc.edu/~pete5/ir_paper.pdf
How Important are Keywords in 2015?
Importance of keyword location; for example, the title

http://www.convinceandconvert.com/digital-marketing/how-important-are-keywords/
8 Interesting Things You Probably Didn't Know About Google's Algorithm

https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/google-algorithm-facts#sm.0000j4hw84wfhemsplk2k0yuyh1j2
DEFINITION of 'Algorithm'
Focus: Financial "algo"

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/algorithm.asp?lgl=no-infinite
Top 6 SEO ranking factors of 2016
Content relevance, Inbound links, Content quality, RankBrain

http://www.cio.com/article/3104104/search/top-6-seo-ranking-factors-of-2016.html
206 Google Ranking Factors for 2017
Top 3: Backlinks, Content & RankBrain

https://mytasker.com/blog/google-ranking-factors/

Ranking Factors

How to Rank Number One in Google: A Study of 1 Million Pages (A must read!)
Links!

https://www.matthewbarby.com/ranking-in-google/
19 Confirmed Google Ranking Factors
Links, Anchor Text, Content (and location of words: title)

https://www.searchenginepeople.com/blog/confirmed-google-ranking-factors.html
Google’s 200 Ranking Factors: The Complete List
Last updated Jan. 5, 2016

http://backlinko.com/google-ranking-factors
The Myth of Google's 200 Ranking Factors
Another opinion

https://moz.com/blog/the-myth-of-googles-200-ranking-factors
Search Engine Ranking Factors 2015
Source: MOZ

https://moz.com/search-ranking-factors
Search Engine Ranking Factors Survey
Source: MOZ

Search Engine Ranking Factors 2015: Expert Survey and Correlation Data
Beyond PageRank: Graduating to actionable metrics
"the PR you see publicly is different from the number our algorithm actually uses for ranking."

http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.ch/2011/06/beyond-pagerank-graduating-to.html
Google: We Still Have Over 200 Search Ranking Signals
May 2015

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-200-signals-20280.html
Google: User Experience As A Ranking Signal (May 2015)
User Experience As A Ranking Signal Is Currently Only For Mobile Results Not Desktops

http://searchengineland.com/google-user-experience-as-a-ranking-signal-is-currently-only-for-mobile-results-not-desktop-results-220719
2015 The Periodic Table Of SEO Success Factors
On Page and Off Page factors

http://searchengineland.com/seotable/
Google: User Actions On Your Web Site Are Not A Ranking Factor
there are no Google algorithms that specifically look at user actions on your web site and use that as a ranking factor."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-user-actions-not-ranking-factor-20741.html
Search Engine Ranking Factors 2015
"These factors ...show the characteristics of web pages that tend to rank higher."

https://moz.com/search-ranking-factors
20 Attributes that Influence a Link's Value
"Google and Bing still look at a bunch of different attributes about a link to determine the relative value that it might have.

https://moz.com/blog/20-attributes-influence-link-value-whiteboard-friday
Google: Outbound Links Are Not A Ranking Factor
Mueller of Google says, "Links from your site to other people’s sites isn’t specifically a ranking factor"

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-says-outbound-links-are-not-a-ranking-factor-21545.html
How Google May Analyze and Evaluate the Quality, Value, & Rank-Worthiness of Your Content (2016 Video)
" ... content evaluation factors that Google is almost certainly looking at"

https://moz.com/blog/google-may-analyze-evaluate-quality-content-whiteboard-friday
Google Ranking Algorithms
"what people you’re connected to recommend could be used to impact your rankings"

http://www.websearchguide.ca/google-ranking-algorithms-2/
How Google uses machine learning in their search algorithms

http://searchengineland.com/google-uses-machine-learning-search-algorithms-261158
Google Needs External Links For Quality Search Results
Gary Illyes"... links translate in some sense to popularity and endorsement by others."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-external-links-22980.html
Searchmetrics annual study of Google ranking factors

http://pages.searchmetrics.com/rs/656-KWJ-035/images/Whitepaper-Searchmetrics-Rebooting-Ranking-Factors-US.PDF
Rebooting Ranking Factors
"content relevance and user focus are replacing checklist ranking factors"

http://pages.searchmetrics.com/rs/656-KWJ-035/images/Whitepaper-Searchmetrics-Rebooting-Ranking-Factors-US.PDF
An in-depth guide to Google ranking factors
Source - Search Engine Watch

https://searchenginewatch.com/2017/10/27/an-in-depth-guide-to-google-ranking-factors/
Google: There Is No Top Three Search Ranking Signals (content, links and RankBrain)
John Mueller also said that "we use so many factors for ranking, it really depends on a lot of things."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-no-top-three-search-ranking-signals-24475.html
200 SEO Factors That Could Affect Your Position on Google [Infographic]
Look at: Domain factors, Page-level factors, Backlink factors

https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/200-seo-factors-that-could-affect-your-position-on-google-infographic/518551/
How Does Google & Facebook Measure Your Content’s Quality?
Keywords and location, backlinks, webpage authority

https://www.scripted.com/digital-marketing/courses/google-facebook-measure-quality-content
How does Google separate popularity from authority?
Links = Authority

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfLaC325S6M
Google's Gary Illyes: Yes, PageRank Still Matters in 2017
It is probably still one of the most important aspects of Google's rankings with content and relevancy.

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-yes-pagerank-still-matters-22469.html
The State of Links: Yesterday's Ranking Factor?
"March 2016: Google Senior Search Quality Strategist Andrey Lipattsev confirms that content and links are the first and second g

https://moz.com/blog/state-of-links?
10 ‘Hidden’ Ranking Facts, 1 Is A Lie
See links at the end of the article; they provide sources that support the article's intent.

https://www.searchenginejournal.com/seo-ranking-facts/196223/
How Does Google Look for Authoritative Search Results?
"The steps involved in working towards making a website authoritative" ... Emphasis on keywords

http://www.seobythesea.com/2017/05/how-does-google-look-for-authoritative-search-results/
200 SEO Factors That Could Affect Your Position on Google [Infographic]
Review: Domain factors, Page-level factors, Site-level factors, Backlink factors

https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/200-seo-factors-that-could-affect-your-position-on-google-infographic/518551/
100+ Google SEO Success Factors, Ranked
Lists Primary Reference Sources

https://zyppy.com/seo-success-factors/
23 Potential Ranking Factors
Google uses keyword data within the URL to determine what the page is about.

https://www.searchenginejournal.com/23-potential-ranking-factors-you-may-not-be-considering/264697/
50 Types of Links & How To Earn Them
.edu, .gov, .org ... etc

https://www.searchenginejournal.com/types-of-links/261581/

Facts as a Ranking Factor

Google: We Are Not Using Facts For Search Engine Ranking Now [March 2015]
Facts are "not something that we are using in our rankings."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-fact-ranking-not-happening-19979.html
Google Fact Rank: Google Ranking Web Pages On Facts, Not Links
"Google may want to rank the page with the fewest false facts the highest." Knowledge-Based Trust (KBT)

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-fact-rank-19947.html

Mobile vs Desktop

Google will show different search results to mobile and desktop users

http://www.businessinsider.com/google-to-index-mobile-pages-separately-from-desktop-2016-10
Google plan on releasing a separate mobile search index
Mobile index: “primary” index that the search engine uses to respond to queries

http://searchengineland.com/google-divide-index-giving-mobile-users-better-fresher-content-261037
Google: User Experience As A Ranking Signal (May 2015)
Google currently doesn’t look at UX signals for ranking.

http://searchengineland.com/google-user-experience-as-a-ranking-signal-is-currently-only-for-mobile-results-not-desktop-results-220719
Google Ranking Signals Are Weighted Differently Based On Query & Searcher
"local intent queries will show the local pack and more localized organic results."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-signals-query-dependent-23518.html

HOW TO GET YOUR WEBSITE TO RANK IN GOOGLE SEARCH

Part One
"Broad picture signals of what it takes to get your website to rank: relevancy, popularity, & authority."

https://www.theedesign.com/blog/2018/get-website-rank-google-search-one
Part Two
"Part Two will get into the nitty-gritty details of what it takes to rank."

https://www.theedesign.com/blog/2018/get-website-rank-google-search-two

RankBrain as a Ranking Factor

Now we know: Here are Google’s top 3 search ranking factors
top three list: links, content and RankBrain.

http://searchengineland.com/now-know-googles-top-three-search-ranking-factors-245882
Google's using a machine learning technology called RankBrain to help deliver its search results.
"RankBrain is Google’s name for a machine-learning artificial intelligence system that’s used to help process its search results

http://searchengineland.com/faq-all-about-the-new-google-rankbrain-algorithm-234440
Optimizing for RankBrain
"RankBrain is a query interpretation model. it's going to try & determine the query's intent & make the ranking signals that ar

https://moz.com/blog/optimizing-for-rankbrain-whiteboard-friday
How to Understand the Google Rank Brain (Search Engine Algorithms) - Tips to Ace it
"Google Rank Brain searches for the phrase in its database related to that word and helps in finding accurate results."

https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/c2028fdc-41fe-4493-8257-33a59069fa04/entry/How_to_Understand_the_Google_Rank_Brain_Search_Engine_Algorithms_Tips_to_Ace_it?lang=en

On Page Factors

Google: Keywords In URLs Are An Overrated SEO Factor
"Words determine site & page meaning & relevancy. URLs, Title Tags, Meta Description, H1 tags, Internal Linking, Anchor Text, In

https://disqus.com/by/MincoLesharo/

Title

URL

Google: Keywords In URLs Are An Overrated SEO Factor
"Google's John Mueller told SEOs again that keywords in the URL is a small ranking factor in Google's search ranking algorithm."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-keywords-in-urls-overrated-23525.html

Text

Off Page Factors

Links - Measure of Quality

Google's 9 major ranking signals
Links!

https://www.link-assistant.com/news/ranking-factors.html
How does Google separate popularity from authority?
PageRank (a measure of link quality) = Reputation and Authority; Popularity is where people go.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfLaC325S6M
Google algorithm ranking update
Google is tweaking its algorithm to judge on the quality of those links.

http://searchengineland.com/new-unconfirmed-google-fred-update-shakes-seo-world-270898

Anchor Text

Google's 9 major ranking signals
# 3 - Link anchor

https://www.link-assistant.com/news/ranking-factors.html
Google: Try To Use Anchor Text & Image Alt Text
"anchor text helps us [Google] quite a bit in understanding context"

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-anchor-text-image-alt-text-23856.html
How Google warped the hyperlink
"anchor text ... contains the most important points on the page."

https://www.wired.co.uk/article/google-link-hyperlink-seo

User Experience

User Experience as a ranking factor
" ... there is no direct and clear connection between user experience and ranking ..."

https://www.sistrix.com/blog/is-user-experience-a-ranking-factor/

Videos about the Algorithm

Google: Title Tags Are Not A Critical Ranking Signal
Google's John Mueller: the page title tag is not as critical for ranking than the content on the page.

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-title-tag-critical-21499.html
Another look under the hood of search
"improvement to the algorithm ... always goes through a process of rigorous scientific testing."

http://insidesearch.blogspot.com/2011/08/another-look-under-hood-of-search.html
The evolution of search in six minutes
"short history of the evolution of search, highlighting the most important milestones"

http://insidesearch.blogspot.com/2011/11/evolution-of-search-in-six-minutes.html
How Google Works: From algorithms to answers
Inforgraphic format - Very well done

http://www.google.com/intl/en_us/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/
Google's Search Algorithm Is Not Dictated By Their Patents
Matt Cutts talks about patents and Google's algorithm.

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-patent-search-algorithm-17761.html

RankBrain (Google's query interpretation using AI)

+RankBrain
RankBrain is used to interpret the searches to find pages that might not have the exact words searched for.

https://plus.google.com/explore/RankBrain
Google Turning Its Lucrative Web Search Over to AI Machines
See video

http://bloom.bg/1O6yQTp
The Google app now understands you a little better—complex questions welcome
"The Google app is starting to truly understand the meaning of what you’re asking."

http://insidesearch.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-google-app-now-understands-you.html
Google RankBrain; Query Interpretation Using Artificial Intelligence
Google attempt "to understand ambiguous queries better."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-rankbrain-21095.html
RankBrain Replacing Links & Other Ranking Factors
"RankBrain uses links ... to try to optimize the rankings based on better understanding the search query."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-rankbrain-links-21781.html
Google doesn't fully understand RankBrain
"Google's Paul Haahr said Google doesn't fully understand RankBrain."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-dont-understand-rankbrain-21744.html
RankBrain May Adjust Weights of Existing Search Ranking Signals
"RB doesn't add new ranking signals but based on the query, it may weigh the existing signals differently."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-rankbrain-new-ranking-signals-21797.html
How Google May Analyze and Evaluate the Quality, Value, & Rank-Worthiness of Your Content
See: "7. If this, then that" for useful description of RankBrains operation

https://moz.com/blog/google-may-analyze-evaluate-quality-content-whiteboard-friday
Google: There Is No RankBrain Score & You Don't Optimize For It
"You cannot optimize for RankBrain and there is no RankBrain score."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-no-rankbrain-score-no-seo-22282.html
Google uses RankBrain for every search, impacts rankings of “lots” of them
" RankBrain is considered the most useful search ranking signal, behind content and links."

http://searchengineland.com/google-loves-rankbrain-uses-for-every-search-252526
FAQ: All about the new Google RankBrain algorithm
"RankBrain is part of Google’s overall search algorithm.

http://searchengineland.com/faq-all-about-the-new-google-rankbrain-algorithm-234440
Google Ranking Algorithms
"RankBrain now applies to all queries"

http://www.websearchguide.ca/google-ranking-algorithms-2/
Google RankBrain 101: Essential RankBrain Strategies

https://www.brightlocal.com/2016/11/04/google-rankbrain-101-essential-rankbrain-strategies/
Google: We're Moving Search To An Artificial Intellegence First World
"We want to build a personal Google for every user."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-search-ai-world-23000.html
Study finds Google search results are more relevant than ever
AI is working!

http://www.thedrum.com/news/2016/12/23/study-finds-google-search-results-are-more-relevant-ever
RankBrain is Google’s name for a machine-learning artificial intelligence system that’s used to help process its search results
"RankBrain is Google’s name for a machine-learning artificial intelligence system that’s used to help process its search results

http://searchengineland.com/faq-all-about-the-new-google-rankbrain-algorithm-234440

Search Engine Land Articles

How RankBrain Changes Entity Search
"primer explaining how entity search works & how Google uses RankBrain to make it better"

http://searchengineland.com/rankbrain-changes-entity-search-234345
Meet RankBrain: The Artificial Intelligence That’s Now Processing Google Search Results
"A machine-learning AI is handling a large fraction of Google's search queries."

http://searchengineland.com/meet-rankbrain-google-search-results-234386
FAQ: All About The New Google RankBrain Algorithm
"RankBrain Is Part Of Google’s Hummingbird Search Algorithm"

http://searchengineland.com/faq-all-about-the-new-google-rankbrain-algorithm-234440
Now we know: Here are Google’s top 3 search ranking factors
"Links, content & RankBrain are the top three ranking signals in Google's search algorithm."

http://searchengineland.com/now-know-googles-top-three-search-ranking-factors-245882
The Periodic Table Of SEO Success Factors
Periodic Table of Google ranking factors

http://searchengineland.com/seotable
Search Engine Land’s Guide To SEO
Companion guide designed to explain the Periodic Table of SEO Success Factors

http://searchengineland.com/guide/seo
The State of Searcher Behavior Revealed Through 23 Remarkable Statistics

https://moz.com/blog/state-of-searcher-behavior-revealed

Bombing Google

Google Bombing from a Time Perspective
2007 Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication

http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue3/bar-ilan.html
CAPTCHA: Telling Humans and Computers Apart Automatically
Defines and explains the function of a CAPTCHA

http://www.captcha.net
Link schemes (which can negatively impact a site's ranking)
Google policy ... includes examples

https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/66356?hl=en
Google-bombing - Manipulating the PageRank Algorithm
"“the activity of designing links that bias search engine results to create an inaccurate impression of the search target”

http://userpages.umbc.edu/~pete5/ir_paper.pdf

Google and SEO

Google's Search Engine Optimization Starter Guide
Google "best practices"

http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/www.google.com/en/us/webmasters/docs/search-engine-optimization-starter-guide.pdf
How Search Work
Interactive presentation

http://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/index.html
Webmaster Academy
Online course

https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/6023933?hl=en&ref_topic=6001171&rd=1
Webmaster Guidelines
Google guidance

https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/35769?hl=en

Matt Cutts Explaining How Google Works

How does Google choose titles for search results?
Google can change the title that appears in the results from the webpage title.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3HX_8BAhB4
Snippets and Titles

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlJiLDn9-38
How does Google search work?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyCYyoGusqs
How precise is the number of results in a site: query?
It is an estimate; "3 significant digits of precision"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ix3mHeL7hg
Will backlinks lose their importance in ranking?
"links will continue to be used to assess the reputation of a site."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iC5FDzUh0P4
Google's Search Algorithm Is Not Dictated By Their Patents
"Patents have no direct influence on the algorithms."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-patent-search-algorithm-17761.html

Results Ranking (Search Quality)

2012 Google Search Engine Ranking Factors
Infographic

http://trends.e-strategyblog.com/2012/12/03/2012-google-search-engine-ranking-factors-infographic/5849
Introduction to Google Search Quality
Read first! Source: Google Blogspot

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/05/introduction-to-google-search-quality.html
Dear Bing, We Have 10,000 Ranking Signals To Your 1,000. Love, Google
"Google has over 200 signals and many of them have more than 50 variations within a single factor."

http://searchengineland.com/bing-10000-ranking-signals-google-55473
Facebook + Twitter's Influence on Google's Search Rankings
Conclusion: Social Metrics are Well Correlated with Higher Rankings

http://www.seomoz.org/blog/facebook-twitters-influence-google-search-rankings
Google Search Engine from Bruce Clay
PageRank: objective measure of webpage importance ``by solving equation of more than 500 million variables & 2 billion terms``

http://www.bruceclay.com/cgi-bin/seinfo400.cgi?se=google
Google universal ranking factors: an overview of resources
Organic, News, Blogs, etc ....

http://www.stateofsearch.com/google-universal-ranking-factors-an-overview-of-resources/
Google's New Search Engine Rankings Place Heavy Emphasis on Branding
"Brands are how you sort out the cesspool."

http://www.seobook.com/google-branding
Google's search challenge: Making computers think like humans
Google's search quality process: ``There are more than 100 signals the [Google] uses to determine the order of search results.``

http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9972034-7.html
How does Google collect and rank results?
``a quick primer on how we crawl and index the web and then rank search results.``

http://www.google.com/librariancenter/articles/0512_01.html
How does Google determine which web sites are the most trusted?
PageRank algorithm, content of pages, placement of words on a page, content of neighboring pages,

http://www.google.com/newsletter/librarian/librarian_2006_01/article3.html
How Google Measures Search Quality
``Google does not use real usage data to tune their search ranking algorithm.``

http://anand.typepad.com/datawocky/2008/06/how-google-measures-search-quality.html
Just What User Behavior Data Does Google Use to Influence Search Rankings?
Note use of "may consider" and "might consider; " Google tested > 6000 changes to algorithm in 2010, 500 became permanent

http://www.seobythesea.com/?p=5325
Scaling Google for Every User
``In addition, [we] have 10,000 human evaluators who are always manually checking the relevance of various results.`` (7th Q&A)

http://www.25hoursaday.com/weblog/2007/06/26/GoogleScalabilityConferenceTripReportScalingGoogleForEveryUser.aspx
Schmidt: Listing Google’s 200 Ranking Factors Would Reveal Business Secrets
How Google ranking algorithm works

http://searchengineland.com/schmidt-listing-googles-200-ranking-factors-would-reveal-business-secrets-51065
Subdomains and Subdirectories
Describes the two-URL limit per each set of 10 results that applies to domains

http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/subdomains-and-subdirectories/
Udi Manber about Google Search Quality
Analysis of queries highlight weaknesses; then we go and change the general algorithm

http://www.stonetemple.com/articles/interview-udi-manber.shtml
What Social Signals Do Google & Bing Really Count?
"Your stature on Twitter could help influence how a page ranks in web search."

http://searchengineland.com/what-social-signals-do-google-bing-really-count-55389
Matt Cutts: PageRank Not Popularity
"PageRank is not a measure of popularity."

http://www.seroundtable.com/google-pagerank-authority-topics-18353.html
Is there a version of Google that excludes backlinks as a ranking factor?
Effects on Quality

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCY30WhI2og
Why Google Can’t Count Results Properly?
The # of results may increase as complexity of search increases because Google works harder to find results.

http://searchengineland.com/why-google-cant-count-results-properly-53559
Google's Gary Illyes: Yes, PageRank Still Matters in 2017
It is probably still one of the most important aspects of Google's rankings with content and relevancy.

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-yes-pagerank-still-matters-22469.html

Business Week on Search Quality (Interviews with Google Reps)

BusinessWeek Dives Deep Into Google’s Search Quality
Interviews and articles on the ways team members evaluate Google’s search rankings

http://searchengineland.com/businessweek-dives-deep-into-googles-search-quality-27317
How Google Plans to Stay Ahead in Search
CEO Eric Schmidt: why search remains Google's priority

http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/oct2009/tc2009102_694444.htm
Can Google Stay on Top of the Web?
Article on engineers and scientists know as the search quality group

http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/09_41/b4150044749206.htm
Google's Udi Manber: Search Is About People, Not Just Data
Insight into how Google’s core search quality team works

http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/techbeat/archives/2009/10/googles_udi_man.html
Google Search Guru Singhal: We Will Try Outlandish Ideas

http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/techbeat/archives/2009/10/google_search_g.html

Google and Wikipedia Ranking (Always in Top Rankings)

Wikipedia in SERPS: Appears on Page One - 60% Informational, 34% Transactional Queries

http://www.conductor.com/blog/2012/03/wikipedia-in-the-serps-appears-on-page-1-for-60-of-informational-34-transactional-queries/
Wikipedia Appears On Google’s Page One Only 46% Of Time, Study Shows

http://searchengineland.com/wikipedia-appears-on-googles-page-one-only-46-of-time-study-shows-116060
3 More Studies Examine Wikipedia’s Page 1 Google Rankings

http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2163432/3-More-Studies-Examine-Wikipedias-Page-1-Google-Rankings
Wikipedia Appears on Page 1 of Google for 99% of Searches [Study]

http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2152194/Wikipedia-Appears-on-Page-1-of-Google-for-99-of-Searches-Study
Wikipedia: Page one of Google UK for 99% of searches

http://www.intelligentpositioning.com/blog/2012/02/wikipedia-page-one-of-google-uk-for-99-of-searches/
Google: Wikipedia Is Ranked By Google Like Any Other Web Site
But what explains Wikipedia's top ranking? "Wikipedia does a good job at getting links to internal pages."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-wikipedia-special-ranking-treatment-23157.html
Google: Wikipedia Is Really Good At Getting Links To Internal Pages
" ... people are very likely to link to individual Wikipedia pages, internal pages within Wikipedia versus the home page."

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-wikipedia-internal-links-22916.html

Searching Google - Syntax-related Sources

Google ``Sometimes`` Case Sensitive When Searching + The Rest
``According to the official Google documentation, Google is not case sensitive.``

http://searchengineland.com/080620-081736.php
Google Declares Stephen Colbert is the Greatest Living American
Google bombing campaign by manipulation of anchor text

http://searchengineland.com/070420-121152.php
Google Patent on Anchor Tags and Web Crawling
`` detailed look at the mechanics of using anchor text as a relevancy signal for a page being linked to, by the search engine.``

http://searchengineland.com/071211-153013.php
Google Patent on Anchor Tags and Web Crawling
``anchor text in hyperlinks pointing to pages can influence what a page may rank for in search results``

http://www.seobythesea.com/?p=929
Google`s search challenge: Making computers think like humans
``Google offers various advanced search options, but its general policy is to use its single search box for everything.``

http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9972034-7.html
Google Inside Search Features
Explore a wide range of Google Search features

http://www.google.com/insidesearch/features.html#
30 Ways To Turn Yourself Into A Google Search Pro
Useful search options

http://www.simplyzesty.com/google/30-ways-to-turn-yourself-into-a-google-search-pro/#
Everything You Ever Wanted To Know About Anchor Text
Anchor text refers to the visible, clickable words used to link one web page to another.

https://ahrefs.com/blog/anchor-text/

inanchor Search Query

Link Prospector’s Guide to the InAnchor Search Operator
6 uses of anchor text searching

https://searchenginewatch.com/sew/how-to/2181585/link-prospectors-guide-inanchor-search-operator
Google Search Tricks
The inanchor operator searches the anchor of a link, and not the actual URL.

https://google-expert-tips.blogspot.com/2009/10/inanchor-google-operator.html

Understanding Google (Source: Official Google Blog)

Introduction to Google Search Quality
Posted by Udi Manber, VP Engineering, Search Quality

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/05/introduction-to-google-search-quality.html
Introduction to Google Ranking
Does Google manually edit its results? ``No manual intervention.``

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/07/introduction-to-google-ranking.html
Technologies Behind Google Ranking
Goal is to understand: Pages, Queries, and User

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/07/technologies-behind-google-ranking.html
Search Evaluation at Google
Evaluation = ``measuring the quality of our search results & our users` experience with search.``

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/09/search-evaluation-at-google.html
Google: FIRST AMENDMENT PROTECTION FOR SEARCH ENGINE SEARCH RESULTS
"White Paper was commissioned by Google, but the views within it should not necessarily be ascribed to Google."

http://volokh.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/SearchEngineFirstAmendment.pdf

Dan Russell

Google Generation

Google Generation: Study by University College London (UCL) CIBER Group
Investigating "how the Google generation searches for information & the implications for the country's colleges"

http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/resourcediscovery/googlegen.aspx

Google Hacks

The Return of the URL Hack: Finding Google’s REALLY Recently-Indexed Content
Turns Google into a near real-time search engine

http://www.researchbuzz.org/wp/the-return-of-the-url-hack-finding-googles-really-recently-indexed-content/

Google on Google

Innovation at Google
Video presentation by Google CIO Douglas Merrill

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GtgSkmDnbQ
Sergey Brin and Larry Page with Jim Fallows at Zeitgeist `07

http://youtube.com/watch?v=7e3AR2k0foM
20 (Rare) Questions for Google Search Guru Udi Manber
``Last year we made over 450 improvements to the algorithm.``

http://www.popularmechanics.com/blogs/technology_news/4259137.html
Early Interview With Google`s Page & Brin
1999 Interview

http://www.ubergizmo.com/15/archives/2008/09/googles_first_steps.html

Google PageRank (Query Independent)

Googles PageRank Explained and How to Make the Most of It
Article Focus: Links

http://www.webworkshop.net/pagerank.html
How does Google collect and rank results?
Short non-technical article from Google`s Librarian Central

http://www.google.com/librariancenter/articles/0512_01.html
PageRank Explained (Biased Article)

http://www.microsoft-watch.org/cgi-bin/ranking.htm
PageRank, Link Patterns & the New Flow of Link Juice

http://www.seomoz.org/blog/pagerank-link-patterns-the-new-flow-of-link-juice
Search Illustrated: Google PageRank Explained
Visual display of PageRank

http://searchengineland.com/070508-152900.php
The Google PageRank Algorithm
Technical Article

http://www.iprcom.com/papers/pagerank/index.html
What Is Google PageRank? A Guide For Searchers & Webmasters
Review Nike and Zappos for Shoes section for ``the relevancy of words``

http://searchengineland.com/070426-011828.php
Page Rank, and Query Specific Page Rank

http://www.stonetemple.com/blog/?p=173
Google’s New Algorithm: if($domain==wikipedia.org){$rank=1;}
Google's "Domain Preference" for Wikipedia

http://www.thegooglecache.com/white-hat-seo/googles-new-algorithm-ifdomainwikipediaorgrank1/
Google PageRank: What Do We Know About It? (2007 Article)
Discusses .edu and .gov and that they do not automatically improve PR

http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2007/06/05/google-pagerank-what-do-we-really-know-about-it/
How PageRank Works & Why the Original PR Formula May be Flawed

http://www.seomoz.org/blog/how-pagerank-works-why-the-original-pr-formula-may-be-flawed
Google Page Rank - What Do You Know About It?
"explains how Google determines trusted sites & elaborates on the factors in detail including the PageRank algorithm"

http://www.pandia.com/sew/1012-google-page-rank.html
What Is Google PageRank? A Guide For Searchers & Webmasters
Long article explaining Google's PageRank

http://searchengineland.com/what-is-google-pagerank-a-guide-for-searchers-webmasters-11068
What is a paid link?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zupIbMyMfBI
What Is Google PageRank? A Guide For Searchers & Webmasters
"ageRank is what “looks at links between pages to determine their relevance.”

http://searchengineland.com/what-is-google-pagerank-a-guide-for-searchers-webmasters-11068
Google PageRank is NOT Dead: Why It Still Matters in 2018
PageRank (PR) is the “value of a page” by looking at the quantity & quality of pages that link to it.

https://ahrefs.com/blog/google-pagerank/

Interviews with Google Employees

Maile Ohye Interview

http://www.stonetemple.com/articles/interview-maile-ohye.shtml
Carter Maslan
Director of Product Management for Google Local

http://www.stonetemple.com/articles/interview-carter-maslan.shtml
Matt Cutts
Head of the Webspam team

http://www.stonetemple.com/articles/interview-matt-cutts-061608.shtml
Dick Costolo
Group Product Manager

http://www.stonetemple.com/articles/interview-dick-costolo.shtml
Adam Lasnik
SEO Strategist

http://www.stonetemple.com/articles/interview-adam-lasnik-012408.shtml
Marissa Mayer On Charlie Rose: The Future Of Google, Future Of Search
Marissa Mayer is the Vice President of Search Product and User Experience at Google

http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/03/06/marissa-mayer-on-charlie-rose-the-future-of-google/
Eric Schmidt Tells Charlie Rose Google Is “Unlikely” To Buy Twitter And Wants To Turn Phones Into TVs

http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/03/07/eric-schmidt-tells-charlie-rose-google-is-unlikely-to-buy-twitter-and-wants-to-turn-phones-into-tvs/
Google CEO Hints at Semantic, Contextual Search
'09: "Wouldn't it be nice if Google understood the meaning of your phrase?"

http://googlewatch.eweek.com/content/google_and_semantic_web/google_ceo_hints_at_semantic_contextual_search.html
Interview with Google CEO Eric Schmidt
Investor conference interview

http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2009/03/17/fresh-evidence-that-search-is-still-competitive-not-so-fast/
Video: The “Brains, Brawn & Look” Of Google Search Speak Together For First Time
Matt Cutts, Amit Senghal, and Ben Gomes oversee Google’s search algorithm

http://insidesearch.blogspot.com/2011/08/inside-googles-search-office.html
Google Knowledge Graph Could Change Search Forever

http://mashable.com/2012/02/13/google-knowledge-graph-change-search/
Matt Cutts Videos Organized By Genre

http://www.seoinhouse.com/matt-cutts-videos/
The human search engine (Amit Singhal)
"Search engines are still at the information stage. Our objective is to make this a source of knowledge for our users."

http://www.standard.co.uk/news/techandgadgets/the-human-search-engine-7315344.html

Business Week Interviews on Search Quality

BusinessWeek Dives Deep Into Google’s Search Quality
Interviews and articles on the ways team members evaluate Google’s search rankings

http://searchengineland.com/businessweek-dives-deep-into-googles-search-quality-27317
How Google Plans to Stay Ahead in Search
CEO Eric Schmidt: why search remains its priority

http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/oct2009/tc2009102_694444.htm
Can Google Stay on Top of the Web?
Article on engineers and scientists know as the search quality group

http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/09_41/b4150044749206.htm
Google's Udi Manber: Search Is About People, Not Just Data
Insight into how Google’s core search quality team works

http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/techbeat/archives/2009/10/googles_udi_man.html
Google Search Guru Singhal: We Will Try Outlandish Ideas

http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/techbeat/archives/2009/10/google_search_g.html

Videos

Inside Google’s Search Office
Matt Cutts, Amit Senghal, and Ben Gomes

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/08/inside-googles-search-office.html
Another Look Under the Search Hood
How Google improves the algorithmn

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/08/another-look-under-hood-of-search.html

Patents (Influence on Page Rankings)

Information retrieval Based on Historical Data
"time as a dimension of ranking pages"

http://tinyurl.com/cvmq5
Document Scoring Based on Query Analysis

http://tinyurl.com/ynkl47
Document Scoring Based on Traffic Associated with a Document

http://tinyurl.com/23x4el
Document Scoring Based on Link-Based Criteria

http://tinyurl.com/27sk9a
Document Scoring Based on Document Inception Date

http://tinyurl.com/yqgfg2
Determining query term synonyms within query context
Synonyms

http://tinyurl.com/y9ga67p
Methods and Apparatus for Employing Usage Statistics in Document Retrieval
Using site visit stats to rank results

http://tinyurl.com/3tcp78h

Penalized by Google

Google Penalizes Overstock for Search Tactics
"Overstock provided discounts to products in exchange for links (with specific anchor text to specific URLs) from .edu sites."

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704520504576162753779521700.html?mod=WSJ_hp_LEFTWhatsNewsCollection
Google’s Action Against Paid Links Continues: Overstock & Forbes.com Latest Casualties; Conductor Exits Brokering Business
"“There was a period of time in the past when Forbes did sell links through a partner."

http://searchengineland.com/googles-action-against-link-schemes-continues-overstock-com-and-forbes-com-latest-casualities-conductor-exits-business-65926
New York Times Exposes J.C. Penney Link Scheme That Causes Plummeting Rankings in Google
"thousands of seemingly unrelated web sites (many that seemed to contain only links) were linking to the J.C. Penney web site."

http://searchengineland.com/new-york-times-exposes-j-c-penney-link-scheme-that-causes-plummeting-rankings-in-google-64529
The Dirty Little Secrets of Search
"Google had detected previous guidelines violations related to JCPenney.com."

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/13/business/13search.html?_r=2&pagewanted=all
Interview with NYT Reporter about Google and JCP "Black Hat" Link Scheme
Kojo Mamdi show on WAMU (Washington)

http://thekojonnamdishow.org/shows/2011-02-22/gaming-your-google-search

Scholar

8 surprising things I learnt about Google Scholar

http://musingsaboutlibrarianship.blogspot.sg/2014/06/8-surprising-things-i-learnt-about.html
Google Scholar Digest
"newsletter is to inform about the latest scientific studies concerning Google Scholar as a source and tool for scientific evalu

http://googlescholardigest.blogspot.com.es/p/about.html

Search Engine Optimization

Google PageRank Value Report
Checks the Google PageRank values for a list of URLs

http://www.top25web.com/pagerank.php
Google Rankings
Checks the ranking of a webpage in Google

http://www.googlerankings.com/
GoogleDuel
Enter words, names, or phrases to determine which one occurs on more webpages

http://www.googleduel.com/original.php
GoogleDuel Ultra
Enter names and adjectives to determine who`s tops for the adjectives

http://www.googleduel.com/googlebusinessmain.php
Keyword Rank Checker
Queries multiple datacenters

http://www.bad-neighborhood.com/google-multidc-rank-check.htm

Search Quality Guidelines

Google Rewrites Quality Rating Guide – What SEOs Need to Know
"expertise, authoritativeness and trustworthiness"

http://www.thesempost.com/google-rewrites-quality-rating-guide-seos-need-know/
Google Search Quality Guidelines Now Reward Expertise, Authority, Trust

http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2355230/Google-Search-Quality-Guidelines-Now-Reward-Expertise-Authority-Trust
Introduction to Google Search Quality
Source - Google Blog

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/05/introduction-to-google-search-quality.html
Search Quality Rating Guidelines
November 2015 Edition

https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/www.google.com/en//insidesearch/howsearchworks/assets/searchqualityevaluatorguidelines.pdf
How Google Works (Infographic)
Interactive infographic

http://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/

Search Query Enhancements

How To Go Beyond Google's Advanced Search Page Date Options
Change the site and d/w/y parameter

http://searchengineland.com/070831-093959.php
Google Guide
Tutorial on how to search

http://www.googleguide.com/pdf/googleguide.pdf
Google: 15% Of All Queries Are Still Never Seen Before
No change since 2013

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-15-percent-queries-25730.html

Search Templates

Fagan Finder All-in-One Google Search Template

http://www.faganfinder.com/google.html
Soople All-in-One Google Search Template

http://www.soople.com/
Staggernation GAPS (proximity search: "locate terms within a certain distance from each other" )

http://www.staggernation.com/cgi-bin/gaps.cgi
Staggernation GARBO (locate "pages either related to or linked to a URL")

http://www.staggernation.com/garbo/
Babelplex (language search engine with Google results)

http://babelplex.com/
DeeperWeb
Tag-Cloud technique and Topic-Mapping features for results identification

http://deeperweb.com/

The Age of Google

The Age of Google: # 1
``We are at the age of Google.``

http://yihongs-research.blogspot.com/2008/08/age-of-google.html
Open Sesame: # 2
``Because of Google, the diverse standards to rank the relevancy of information on the Web converged.``

http://yihongs-research.blogspot.com/2008/08/age-of-google-2-open-sesame.html
Web 2.0: # 3
``Google and Web 2.0 are twins.``

http://yihongs-research.blogspot.com/2008/08/age-of-google-3-web-20.html
The Future: # 4
``three major negative impacts Google``

http://yihongs-research.blogspot.com/2008/08/age-of-google-4-future.html
Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our
People have lower rates of recall of the information itself.

http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~wegner/pdfs/science.1207745.full.pdf

Visualization Results Display

Run the Same Search in Google and Yahoo

http://www.gahooyoogle.com
Touchgraph Google Browser

http://www.touchgraph.com/TGGoogleBrowser.html
Touchgraph Article

http://www.pandia.com/sew/526-touchgraph.html

What People are Searching For & How People Are Searching Google

About Google Trends

http://www.google.com/intl/en/trends/about.html
Google Hot Trends
Replaced Google Zeitgeist

http://www.google.com/trends/hottrends
Google Trends
Daily list of hot search queries; note number of words per query

http://www.google.com/trends
Google Zeitgeist

http://www.google.com/press/zeitgeist.html
Google: 25% Of Queries Are New & Adding Question Engine

http://searchengineland.com/070622-085337.php
That 25% New Queries Figure? Ballpark Estimate, Says Google
Clarification of 25% figure: ``ballpark estimate``

http://searchengineland.com/070629-143949.php
Factoring in the Human Touch at Search Engines
Review of study analyzing user behavior within Google search results

http://www.clickz.com/showPage.html?page=3623689
Google Insights
``Compare seasonal trends, geographic distributions, and category-specific searches`` to understand searcher behavior.

http://google.com/insights/search/#
http://www.google.com/adplanner/static/top1000/index.html
Sites selected from Google

http://www.google.com/adplanner/static/top1000/index.html
The State of Searcher Behavior Revealed Through 23 Remarkable Statistics
23 Search Behavior Stats

https://moz.com/blog/state-of-searcher-behavior-revealed

Who to Contact @ Google

Contacting Google
Source: Blogoscoped

http://blog.outer-court.com/archive/2007-04-13-n13.html
Google Links
Link Directory of Important Google Information

http://www.seroundtable.com/archives/001208.html
Google's Help Files

http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2008/05/download-googles-help-files.html

Google and Digital Media

Intellectual Property and Trust in the Age of Digital Media
How Search Engines are Trusted

http://www.edelman.com/post/intellectual-property-trust-age-digital-media/
Google Overtakes Traditional Media To Become Most Trusted News Source
"Search engines (read: Google) have overtaken traditional media as the most trusted source of news globally."

http://searchengineland.com/google-overtakes-traditonal-media-become-trusted-source-news-online-213176

Wolfram Alpha

Wolfram|Alpha: Searching for Truth
Read first!

http://hplusmagazine.com/2009/04/06/wolframalpha-searching-truth/
A Users Guide to WolframAlpha
Users Guide

http://hplusmagazine.com/2009/06/24/users-guide-wolframalpha/
WA Examples
Examples

http://www.wolframalpha.com/examples/
Introducing Wolfram|Alpha
Video intro

http://www.wolframalpha.com/screencast/introducingwolframalpha.html

Google - The Documentary

Knowledge Graph

Introducing the Knowledge Graph: things, not strings
"Knowledge Graph enables you to search for things, people or places that Google knows about."

https://googleblog.blogspot.in/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html
What Is Google Knowledge Graph? How the Knowledge Graph Works
"Knowledge Graph is its own pool of data, where all the information is collected from authoritative sites."

http://www.convinceandconvert.com/digital-marketing/google-knowledge-graph/
The Knowledge Graph and You

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFOinOXGC2M
Introducing the Knowledge Graph

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmQl6VGvX-c
Google Explains Machine Learning And Deep Learning
" ML-based AI systems learn to be clever."

http://www.extremenetworks.com/google-explains-machine-learning-deep-learning-plus-short-takes-educause-2016/
What is Google's Knowledge Graph?
"The Knowledge Graph is the engine that powers the panel that’s officially called the Knowledge Graph Card."

https://yoast.com/google-knowledge-graph/

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

DeepMind

Deep Mind
DeepMind is the world leader in artificial intelligence acquired by Google in 2014.

https://deepmind.com/

Eyetrack Studies

F-Shaped Pattern of Reading on the Web: Misunderstood, But Still Relevant (Even on Mobile)
"The F-shaped scanning pattern is alive and well in today’s world — both on desktop and on mobile."

https://www.nngroup.com/articles/f-shaped-pattern-reading-web-content/
Eyetracking in Online Search
Laura Granka - Author

https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/34378.pdf

Search King vs Google

THE LONG, TORTURED QUEST TO MAKE GOOGLE UNBIASED
("[T]he Court concludes that Google's PageRanks are entitled to 'full constitutional protection.' "

https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/6/18125879/search-neutrality-google-bias-seo-rigged-sundar-pichai-congress-eu
Federal Search Commission - Access, Fairness, and Accountability in the Law of Search
Search King cited 27 times.

https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3107&context=clr
Search King, Inc. v. Google Technology, Inc
"[A] Page Rank is an opinion - an opinion of the significance of a particular web site as it corresponds to a search query."

http://www.internetlibrary.com/cases/lib_case337.cfm
Search King Inc v.Google Technology
Court filing

http://www.internetlibrary.com/pdf/Search-King-Google-WD-Okla.pdf